FWD: black hole from baidu

I searched some knowledge about the black hole in chinese from baidu

http://baike.baidu.com/view/863.htm


黑洞是一种引力极强的天体，就连光也不能逃脱。当恒星的史瓦西半径小到一定程度时，就连垂直表面发射的光都无法逃逸了。这时恒星就变成了黑洞。说它“黑”，是指它就像宇宙中的无底洞，任何物质一旦掉进去，“似乎”就再不能逃出。由于黑洞中的光无法逃逸，所以我们无法直接观测到黑洞。然而，可以通过测量它对周围天体的作用和影响来间接观测或推测到它的存在。黑洞引申义为无法摆脱的境遇。2011年12月，天文学家首次观测到黑洞“捕捉”星云的过程


information in English from wiki


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole




A black hole is a region of spacetime from which nothing, not even light, can escape.[1] The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole. Around a black hole there is a mathematically defined surface called anevent horizon that marks the point of no return. It is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body inthermodynamics.[2] Quantum mechanics predicts that black holes emit radiation like a black body with a finite temperature. This temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, making it difficult to observe this radiation for black holes of stellar mass or greater.

Objects whose gravity field is too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. The first modern solution of general relativity that would characterize a black hole was found by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, although its interpretation as a region of space from which nothing can escape was not fully appreciated for another four decades. Long considered a mathematical curiosity, it was during the 1960s that theoretical work showed black holes were a generic prediction of general relativity. The discovery of neutron stars sparked interest in gravitationally collapsedcompact objects as a possible astrophysical reality.

Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. By absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may form. There is general consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies. In particular, there is strong evidence of a black hole of more than 4 million solar masses at the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way.

Despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with light and other electromagnetic radiation. From stellar movement, the mass and location of an invisible companion object can be calculated; in a number of cases the only known object capable of meeting these criteria is a black hole. Astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems by studying the movement of their companion stars in this way.